STUDY QUESTIONS FOR MIDTERM EXAM
You will need to bring 2 blue books to class to take the exam.  Do NOT write in them or on them.  I will collect all of the bluebooks and redistribute them.

TERMS for Identification

Constantine
Edict of Milan/Edict of Toleration
Gelasius I
Two Swords Theory
Justinian
Benedict of Nursia
Opus Dei
Diocletian
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Henry II
pilgrimage
relic
Gislebertus

Monuments for Identification:
Pantheon
Hagia Sophia
San Vitale
Royal Chapel at Aix-la-Chapelle
St. Mary Magdalene at Vezelay
Autun Cathedral

Themes to organize your thoughts for Essay Questions (both short essay and long essay)

1. How was monastic life structured?  Be able to describe life in a monastery according to the Rule  of St. Benedict.

2. What role does the ideal of the Roman Empire play in medieval culture?  Why is Rome
important and how do kings try to revive the empire?   Be able to give specific examples.

3. What is the nature of political power in the middle ages?  Who holds power/authority and how?  Do women have power/authority? How do kings wield their power/authority?

4. Be able to compare and contrast the nature of political image making in the biographies of Charlemagne written by Einhard and Notker.  If you were to select the cover picture for each biography, what kind of image of Charlemagne would you choose?  Would the images be different from one another?  Describe the images and be able to explain why you chose them.  How do they represent the texts and the author's intentions?  If you like, bring in a picture to the exam.

5. In his Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius discusses several philosophical themes.  What are the main themes he discusses?  Be able to explain his ideas on Happiness, Evil, Providence and Fate. Why is he writing?

6. There is a fusion of secular and religious (Christian) authority in the Middle Ages.
Explain how secular rulers claimed and wielded religious authority; in addition explain how religious rulers claimed secular authority.  Give concrete examples.  How did others who did not hold political office create political power for themselves?  Be able to refer to the Consolation of Philosophy, Two Lives of Charlemagne,  and "The Lion in Winter."

7. What is the purpose of monastic life?  How does Benedict organize his monastic
community?  Why was his Rule so popular?

8. Compare and contrast monasticism and pilgrimage as expressions of religious devotion.  How are they similar and how are they different?

9. What are the main differences between Romanesque and Gothic Architecture?  What social and historical conditions gave rise to the building of new cathedrals in these new architectural styles?